Here is one castle that fell under eye of the giro pro cycling helicopter. A classic hilltop location. It still has some nice details especially the main gateway area.







Here is one castle that fell under eye of the giro pro cycling helicopter. A classic hilltop location. It still has some nice details especially the main gateway area.







We move to Italy for the Giro d’Italia.










Naples – some serious constructions




Amalfi with Ravello cling to a rocky coastline and were naval in outlook. Amalfi was a vibrant state in the late Byzantine period






Back to Naples……



Heading north……..






Italian castles are a splendid mix of square and round towers plus later bastions. Wikipedia have a convenient thread on bastions………
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastion_fort

Bergamo was a significant City and often fought over.



Further into the lakes…….







Which Romans in the 6th Century – 500 to 599 AD? I guess thats Byzantine Exarchate by then as we are on the Adige in the Trento region? Shortly to be invaded by the Lombards and then the Carolingians. After them came the German Emperors and this castle layout dates from 13th century.


















now we go to the high passes…..






dates from 1278 according to brief wikipedia entry. I like the pen and ink picture!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDovnek_Castle
There you go – hardly a straight edge in sight – 0k a couple – but in Italy the castle and fortress designs seem to hug the contours and show only your imagination stands between you and your own dream castle.
Every year I get a smattering of castles in my house courtesy of GCN+ and pro cycling coverage of racing.
With helicopter views of the peleton weaving its way through the land the cameramen get bored and snap the odd castle.
These castles to my mind look different to those I visit and if nothing else, for the modeller in me, show the variety of designs that were built. Of course a lot of these differences are due to a few hundred years of subsequent occupancy but even so you can see that the location often dictated the floor plan and levels.
Here are some previous years efforts even including Hussars in Hungary!
2021 Giro in Tuscany – Bianchi Roads
https://wordpress.com/post/thewargamingerratic.home.blog/2610
2021 Le Tour – France north to south
https://wordpress.com/post/thewargamingerratic.home.blog/3056
Hungary kicks off Giro 2022 Hussars and all
https://wordpress.com/post/thewargamingerratic.home.blog/4860
Giro 2022 including Hawkwoods territory
https://wordpress.com/post/thewargamingerratic.home.blog/5104
Basque Region Tour 2023
Now I have often missed this race and also its less castellated imagery.
Just one castle this year and an obligatory monument to modern design – a modern “castle” equivalent in its impact.




The Giro offered up some interesting castles this year. And as usual Italy is replete with historical narrative.





Next up Julius Ceasar would have to queue these days to cross his famous river

Another city in the “Romagnol” also has fine surviving medieval fortress




Forlimpopoli suffered in medieval times – it was a battleground for Papal control of the area.
Forli another city on the Via Emilia where in medieval times the Ordelaffi family fought the Popes for its control, finally being dominated after it was siezed by Cesare Borgia.

And Faenza too……..dominated in the 14th Century by the Guelph Manfredi

Into the mountains and we switch to Napoleonic themes



Rocca d’Anfo initially a Venetian fortification was expanded by Napoleon in the 1800’s

Not quite as many images this year but these aerial shots give a different perspective on some amazing historical sites across Italy.
The Giro (The Italian Pro Cycling Annual Event) started in Hungary this year and I had been wondering how to weave some music into this blog – more of that later – or you can rush to the end piece except you miss charging Hussars and cyclists.
Either way you get two sets of Hussars………one red and green and one in black.
First up was the stage 1 run from Budapest to Visegrad via Esztergom. A pretty flat stage across the rolling countryside west of the Visegrad Mountains with a 4km uphill finish at Visegrad just beneath the Castle that dominates the Danube Valley at this point.
Visegrad is located at the turn of the Danube where its easterly journey suddenly turns south for Budapest. This knuckle of the Danube, north of Budapest, has forever been militarily important. Esztergom slightly to the west of Visegrad was a Roman Fortress.
So what has a pro cycling race in Hungary got to do with this erratic wargamers military ramblings? Well of course I am erratic so sometimes my stories are a bit odd. In this case though its fairly straightforward. The Hungarians chose to race some Hussars with the cyclists!
In the middle of the race up pops some Hussars doing circles in a field

But they are by the road…………

These chaps are the black uniformed variety – no idea the unit or uniform era although with all that shako braiding it looks mid 19th century – the Hungarians revolted from Austria in 1848………

And then they start to form a column…….

and here come the cyclists…..

who wizz by………

but wait the horse gather pace……..

and one Hussar draws his sabre…….

and is joined by a colleague more interested in not falling off………


The sabrer is away……….

And he is now galloping faster than the cyclists can ride…….

a few Hussars have straggled……………….

And to finish this section a bit of live action………
The Giro and for that matter the Tour and Vuelta races all showcase a lot of castles and stage 1 of the Giro offered up some Hungarian gems…….



Not sure which unit was taking part but back in 2019 I was in Budapest. As it happened Hungary was hosting a NATO discussion on Russian medium range missile developments – at the time that seemed rather boring. But what do you do when a few dignitaries rock up at your big castle on the hill in Buda?

Roll out some Hussars……







The man with the tash and a short handled broom was the collector of Horse muck……

A military band and the Hussars were paraded for the Dignitaries inspection……

Lay on some martial music, a band and some hussars. The music? well Hector Berlioz composed the choral music – “damnation of faust” which includes the same music as Liszt’s Rhapsody No15. Both probably drawn from the Nicolaus Scholl composition of 1820.

I will go with Berlioz as his piece was first performed in Paris in 1846 on the eve of the Revolutionary wars that exploded across Europe at the time Marx and Engels were publishing the Communist Manifesto (1848). The Italian Wars of Unification were spread between 1848 and 1870 and were replete with Hussars although it should be noted the kepi wearing horseman was to grow rapidly in popularity.
These Hussars wear a stove pipe or tapered shako popular from the 1820’s and a likely precursor to the kepi all courtesy of the French wars in North Africa.
The Hungarian March is a near contemporary of the Radetzky March composed for the great Austrian Victory in the Po valley against Piedmont and her various Italian allies. It was a period of some very famous military music even if the historians didn’t rate the armies of the day compared to those of Napoleon, Wellington and others.
Not sure whats up next… maybe some more on Budapest.
Yorkshire has some “strade bianchi” in its Cleveland Hills.

The famous strade bianchi cycle race takes place in Tuscany around Sienna.

This years Giro d’Italia included a “strade bianchi” stage.